Islamic Economic Law and Consumer Protection in Digital Commerce in Indonesia

Abstract

Digital commerce has transformed consumer transactions in Indonesia by expanding access, accelerating exchanges, and shifting contractual relationships into platform-mediated environments. These developments create distinctive challenges concerning information asymmetry, electronic consent, deceptive practices, product conformity, personal data, platform accountability, and dispute resolution. This study examines consumer protection in Indonesian digital commerce from the perspective of Islamic economic law, focusing on consumer rights, legal problems, and mechanisms for strengthening protection in sharia-based transactions. The research employs normative juridical analysis using statutory, conceptual, and Islamic legal approaches. Primary legal materials comprise Indonesian legislation, government regulations, and relevant DSN-MUI fatwas, while secondary materials include scholarly literature on electronic contracts, consumer protection, and Islamic economic law. The findings demonstrate that Islamic principles provide substantive standards that complement Indonesian positive law. The principles of 'adl, amanah, ridha, and maslahah establish requirements for fairness, trustworthy performance, meaningful consent, and prevention of harm, while the prohibitions of gharar and tadlis address uncertainty and deception. The doctrine of khiyar provides a normative foundation for cancellation, return, replacement, and refund mechanisms. The study proposes an integrated consumer protection model connecting valid digital akad, sharia compliance, information transparency, consumer rights, khiyar-based remedies, platform accountability, and digital dispute resolution. The model strengthens substantive sharia compliance while improving legal certainty, consumer trust, accountability, fairness and sustainable commercial relationships in Indonesia's digital economy.